INFANTRY  TRAINING 


PREPARED  AT  THE  ARMY  WAR  COLLEGE 
AUGUST,  1917 


DISTRIBUTION 

ONE  TO  EACH  GENERAL  OFFICER 
ONE  TO  EACH  GENERAL  STAFF  OFFICER 
ONE  TO  EACH  OFFICER  OF  THE  ADJUTANT  GEN- 
ERAL'S AND  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENTS 
ONE  TO  EACH  OFFICER  OF  INFANTRY 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1917 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 

Document  No.  656, 
Office  of  The  Adjutant  General. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 

WASHINGTON,  August  27,   1911. 

The  following  pamphlet  on  Infantry  Training,  prepared  by  the 
War  College  Division,  General  Staff,  is  published  for  the  infor- 
mation and  guidance  of  all  concerned. 

[:;r,3.546  A.  G.  O.] 
BY  ORDER  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR  : 

H.  L.  SCOTT, 

Major  General,  Chief  of  Staff. 
OFFICIAL  : 

H.  P.  McCAIX. 

The  Adjutant  General. 

3 


INFANTRY  TRAINING. 


I.  INSTRUCTIONS  PERTAINING  TO  THE  TRAINING 
OF  AN  INFANTRY  DIVISION  IN  TRENCH  WAR- 
FARE, AND  THE  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  DIVISIONAL 
SCHOOLS. 

1.  In  all  the.  military  training  of  a  division,  under  existing 
conditions,   training  for  trench   warfare   is  of  paramount  im- 
portance.    Without  neglect  of  the  fundamentals  of  individual 
recruit  instruction,  every  effort  should  be  devoted  to  making  all 
units  from  the  squad  and  platoon  upwards  proficient  in  this 
kind  of  training.     It  is  believed  that  in  an  intensive  course  of 
16  weeks  troops  can  be  brought  to  a  reasonable  degree  of  effi- 
ciency  through   the  squad,   platoon,   and   company,   making  it 
possible  with  a  minimum  of  training  in  France  for  them  to 
take  their  places  on  the  line.     The  responsibility  for  the  in- 
struction in  trench  warfare  of  field  officers,  staff  officers,  and 
higher  commanders  rests  with  special  force  upon  the  division 
commander. 

2.  Instruction  in  trench  warfare  can  not  be  properly  developed 
without  a  trench  system.    It  will  be  one  of  the  first  duties  of  a 
division   commander,   accompanied   by   his   chief  of  staff   and 
engineer  officer,  to  make,  a  careful  tactical  reconnaissance  of 
the  terrain  with  his  camp  area  and  locate  this  trench  system. 
The  location  of  the  system  should  be  based  upon  sound  tactical 
principles,  and  for  this  reason  the  reconnaissance  should  extend 
beyond  the  confines  of  the  camp  area,  so  that  in  larger  problems 
the  trenches  actually  constructed  will  form  a  consistent  part 
of  the  scheme.     The  trenches  should  be  so  located  that  proper 
artillery   positions  can  be  occupied,   and   when  practicable  it 
would  be.  desirable  if  fire  for  effect  by  artillery  with  service 
ammunition  could  be  delivered  upon  them.    The  location  of  the 
trenches   should  be  such   that   an  opposing   system   of  enemy 
trenches  may  also  be  constructed.    Soil  and  drainage  should  be 
carefully  considered. 

5 


6  INFANTRY  TRAINING. 

When  the  "location  has  been  determined  upon,  the  division 
commander  will  cause  the  engineer  officer  to  have  the  complete 
trench  system  staked  out  and  taped.  An  engineer  officer  will  be 
detailed  in  charge  of  the  system  from  the  beginning,  and  it 
will  be  his  duty  to  apportion  the  tasks  to  each  organization 
which  reports  for  trench  construction.  By  this  means  not  a 
spade  full  of  earth  will  be  upturned  which  does  not  apply  to 
the  development  of  the  system.  On  account  of  the  high  cost  of 
material  for  obstacles,  revetment,  etc.,  it  would  not  be  well  to 
plan  in  the  beginning  for  the  construction  of  a  trench  area  of 
more  than  600  yards  front  and  800  yards  depth.  This  will  re- 
ceive a  garrison  of  a  battalion,  and  from  the  time,  it  nears  com- 
pletion and  continuously  thereafter  it  should  be  occupied  suc- 
cessively by  the  several  battalions  in  the  division. 

In  the  shortest  practicable  time  the  division  commander  will 
require  of  the  engineer  officer  the  preparation  of  a  maneuver 
map  of  the  camp  area  and  so  much  of  the  surrounding  country 
as  he  deems  necessary  for  problems.  This  map  should  be  drawn 
with  the  coordinate  system  used  by  the  British  and  French. 
Its  scale  should  be  1/5000.  with  reductions  to  1/10000  for  con- 
venient use  and  1/40000  for  use  of  artillery. 

3.  The  tactical  instruction  of  brigade  commanders,  staff  offi- 
cers, and  regimental  field  officers  should  be  under  the  direct 
personal  supervision  of  the  division  commander.  Staff  officers 
are  included  in  this  instruction,  as  most  of  them  now  have  very 
important  functions  to  perform  in  the  preparation  of  operation 
orders.  The  course  will  be  taken  up  during  the  first  16  weeks 
of  intensive  training  of  the  troops  and  continued  until  the 
arrival  of  the  division  in  France. 

The  course  will  embrace  the  study  of  regulations,  manuals, 
and  recent  publications  by  the  War  College  Division  on  trench 
warfare,  combined  from  the  beginning  with  the  employment  of 
the  applicatory  method,  including  map  problems,  terrain  exer- 
cises, tactical  rides  and  walks,  and  map  maneuvers,  culminating 
in  practical  maneuvers  with  troops  in  trench  warfare.  Opera- 
tion orders  in  trench  warfare  proceed  from  higher  commanders 
through  the  several  subordinate  commanders,  each  having  to 
issue  an  order,  but  differing  greatly  in  form  from  our  field  orders. 
Operation  orders  now  enter  into  the  minutest  details  of  prepara- 
tion, organization,  distribution,  methods  of  advance,  supply, 
liaison,  etc.  Therefore  constant  training  and  exercise  in  the 


INFANTRY  TRAINING.  7 

framing  of  orders  based  upon  carefully  prepared  tactical  prob- 
lems are  absolutely  essential. 

Courses  of  like  nature  will  be  conducted  for  regimental  officers 
in  each  regiment  by  the  colonel  under  the  supervision  of  the 
brigade  commander. 

Time  must  be  found  for  these  courses  during  the  evenings  and 
Wednesday  and  Saturday  afternoons. 

4.  In  addition  to  the  tactical  courses  described  above,  a  sys- 
tem of  divisional  schools  will  be  established  as  listed  below: 

(a)  Infantry  school  of  arms: 

1.  Small-arms  department — 

First  section.     Grenades  (hand  and  rifle). 
Second  section.     Bayonet. 
Third  section.     Rifle  and  pistol. 
Fourth  section.     Automatic  arms  (automatic  rifle 
and  light  machine  gun). 

2.  Machine-gun  department — 

First  section.     Heavy  (rifle-caliber)  machine  gun. 
Second  section.     One-pounder  gun. 

3.  Engineer  department — 

First  section.     Sappers,  bombers,  pioneers. 
Second  section.     Field  fortifications  for  line  troops. 

4.  Gas-defense  department — 

Use,  care,  repair  of  gas  masks,  etc. 
Artillery  school. 

School  for  stable  sergeants  and  farriers. 
School  for  mess  sergeants,  bakers,  and  cooks. 
((•}   School  for  horseshoers. 
(/)   School  for  company  mechanics. 
(g)~  School  of  equitation. 

(70   School  for  supply  officers  and  supply  sergeants. 
I  i )    School  for  clerks. 
(/)   School  for  saddlers  and  cobblers. 
(7c)    Signal  school. 

(/)   School  for  bandsmen  and  buglers. 
(in)   School  for  hygiene  and  sanitation. 

And  such  other  schools  as  the  division  commander  may  deem 
necessary. 

For  the  specialties  in  this  list  of  schools,  specialist  instructors 
will  be  supplied  as  rapidly  as  possible  from  the  central  schools 
now  in  operation,  but  their  early  organization  should  not  be  de- 


8  INFANTRY  TRAINING. 

layed.  Instructors,  student  officers,  and  student  enlisted  men 
should  be  excused  from  all  other  duty  while  detailed  to  the 
schools. 

II.  INTRODUCTION. 

1.  With  the  sudden  expansion  of  the  Regular  Army  and  the 
National  Guard  and  the  creation  in  its  entirety  of  the  new 
National  Army,  the  subject  of  military  training  assumes  the 
greatest  importance,  and  concerning  this  training  it  is  essential 
that   certain   well-recognized    principles    should    be   constantly 
borne  in  mind. 

2.  The  responsibility  for  the  training  of  a  division  rests  solely 
upon  the  division  commander.     Under  his  direction,  responsi- 
bility for  the  training  of  troops  devolves  upon  all  commanders 
from  those  of  platoons  upward.    Therefore  the  following  pages 
will  be  considered  only  as  suggestive  and  advisory  in  character; 
to  be  applied  and  adapted  in  the  discretion  of  the  division  com- 
mander and  made  mandatory  by  his  direction  alone.     Results  in 
efficiency  are  demanded  of  him — the  system  and  methods,  subject 
to  the  principles  laid  down  in  the  training  manuals  and  Regu- 
lations, are  his  own. 

3.  To  be  effective  in  time  of  war,  military  training  must  be 
uniform  throughout  the  service  and  must  conform  to  certain 
basic  principles  possessing  varying  degrees  of  importance.     A 
due  sense  of  proportion  of  these  principles  and  a  full  apprecia- 
tion of  the  relative  merits  of  those  qualities  constituting  the 
standard  to  which  the  Army  must  attain  are  expected  of  all  com- 
manding officers. 

4.  Patriotism  is  of  the  first  importance.     An  absolute  and  un- 
qualified devotion  to  the  welfare  and  success  of  our  country  is 
an  indispensable  prerequisite  that  has  always  constituted  the 
soul  of  our  Army. 

5.  Dixciiilinc  distinguishes  thoroughly  trained  and  instructed 
troops  from  an  irresponsible,  unwieldy,  and  disorderly  aggrega- 
tion of  men.     Its  essential  characteristics  are  respect  for  and 
implicit  obedience  to  superior  authority.     Its  vital  importance 
must  be  thoroughly  impressed  upon  all  in  the  military  service. 
Cheerful,  earnest,  and  loyal  obedience  should  be  promptly  paid 
by  all  subordinates  to  lawful  orders  of  superiors. 

6.  Physical  development  of  the  soldier  should  be  such  that  it 
will  render  him  capable  of  the  greatest  endurance  on  the  march 
and  on  the  field  of  battle.     The  most  endurance  is  attained 


INFANTRY  TRAINING.  9 

through  a  progressive  course  of  training  that  improves  the  vol- 
untary muscles  and  vital  organs.  To  this  end,  marches  of  in- 
creasing length,  with  increasing  weights  of  packs,  and  daily  set- 
ting-up exercises  are  necessary  for  the  physical  development  of 
infantry.  Other  physical  training  calculated  to  develop  the 
physique  along  the  special  lines  required  in  modern  warfare  will 
be  prescribed  from  time  to  time. 

7.  Self-respect,  self-reliance,  and  resourcefulness  are  qualities 
in  a  large  measure  inherent  in  our  soldiers  and  should  be  culti- 
vated to  the  fullest  extent  in  their  training. 

8.  Professional  knowledge  leads  to  the  greatest  efficiency  when 
intelligently  applied  in  actual  practice. 

9.  To  render  the  most  perfect  service  on  the  field  of  battle  is 
the  final  object  for  which  our  Army  is  created  and  maintained. 

10.  Fundamental  principles  and  general  directions  governing 
the  training  of  infantry: 

(a)  Instruction,  inspection,  responsibility  and  authority,  or 
command  are  inseparable. 

(6)  The  officer  must  know  the  duties  of  the  men  under  his 
command  in  addition  to  his  own  specific  duties. 

(c)  Officers  and  noncommissioned  officers  of  each  grade  should 
be  competent  to  take  up  the  duties  of  the  next  higher  grade. 
Military  efficiency  can  only  be  attained  through  competent  and 
instructed  officers  and  noncommissioned  officers. 

(<Z)  The  efficiency  of  the  squad,  including  its  leadership,  is 
the  basis  of  efficiency,  and  this  efficiency  in  turn  depends  on 
the  thoroughness  of  the  training  of  individual  members  of  this 
unit. 

(e)  The  efficiency  of  every  command  depends  on  the  efficiency 
of  the  units  or  teams  composing  it.  As  each  team  in  a  large 
command  must  be  under  the  direct  control  of  its  immediate 
chief,  it  is  evident  that  such  chief  should  have  all  possible 
charge  of  the  instruction  of  his  team.1  Authority  and  respon- 
sibility should  exist  in  equal  degree.  From  such  a  system  there 
should  result  not  only  suitable  instruction  of  the  team  but  also 
comradeship  among  the  individual  members,  pride  in  the  team 
as  a  unit,  and  that  confidence  and  habit  of  command  on  the  part 
of  the  leader  so  necessary  to  efficient  leadership. 

1  Officers  must,  however,  because  of  the  inexperience  of  the  great  ma- 
jority of  the  noncommissioned  officers,  give  personal  attention  to  indi- 
vidual instruction  and  to  that  of  the  squad  and  platoon,  in  order  that 
the  training  may  proceed  along  right  lines  and  due  progress  be  made. 
9916°— 17 2 


10  INFANTRY  TRAINING. 

(/)  The  best  instruction  is  that  which  is  practical  and  which 
is  taught  through  personal  contact  between  instructor  and  those 
under  instruction.  Any  other  kind  is  justified  only  when  practi- 
cal instruction  can  not  be  given. 

(g)  The  paramount  object  of  instruction  is  not  only  to  impart 
knowledge  as  knowledge  but  also  so  to  train  the  soldier  that  he 
shall  be  better  qualified  each  day  in  meeting  the  situations  that 
may  face  him  in  the  field.  It  is  believed  that  this  desii'ed 
development  can  be  hastened  by  accustoming  the  soldier  td 
investigate  for  himself. 

(h)  The  applicatory  method  of  instruction  should  be  used  as 
far  as  possible.  This  method  finds  its  principal  application  in 
theoretical  instruction,  but  its  advantages  should  not  be  over- 
looked in  practical  work.  Example :  A  company  commander 
signaling  to  platoon  commanders  without  company  actually 
being  present. 

(i)  The  ultimate  object  of  all  instruction  being  field  service 
efficiency,  field  maneuvers  and  field  firing  should  be  considered 
as  the  culmination  of  previous  training  and  the  test  of  its 
thoroughness. 

(;')  There  must  be  a  definite  and  progressive  plan  and  sched- 
ule of  instruction.  Every  course  of  instruction  should  embrace 
certain  definitely  prescribed  subjects  and  be  for  a  definite  period 
in  order  to  unify  instruction,  prevent  unnecessary  repetition, 
and  use  the  available  time  to  the  best  advantage.  On  the  com- 
pletion of  the,  prescribed  course  of  theoretical  instruction  all 
study  should  not  cease,  but  sufficient  post-graduate  work  should 
follow  to  broaden  the  student's  professional  horizon  and  keep 
him  in  touch  with  new  methods  and  ideas.  , 

(A1)  Drill  movements  are  of  two  general  classes — first,  drills 
of  precision,  and,  second,  maneuver  and  combat  exercises. 

The  precise  movements  of  the  manual  of  arms  and  close-order 
drill  are  not  for  the  purpose  of  teaching  men  how  to  get  about 
on  the  battle  field.  They  will  hardly  be  used  there  at  all.  One 
of  the  principal  objects  is  to  train  the  soldiers'  minds  and  bodies 
to  habits  of  precise,  unhesitating  obedience  to  the  will  of  the 
leader,  so  that  in  the  stress  of  battle  they  will  obey  without 
conscious  effort,  mechanically,  automatically,  as  the  easiest  and 
most  natural  line  of  action. 

Maneuver  and  combat  exercises  are  intended  for  instruction 
in  the  proper  handling  of  troops  in  campaign  and  on  the  battle 
field.  There  should  be  rigid  adherence  to  orders  and  instruc- 
tions. 


INFANTRY  TRAINING.  11 

It  is  hardly  possible  properly  to  conduct  a  drill  or  exercise 
without  special  forethought  and  preparation  for  that  particular 
drill  or  exercise.  After  each  drill  or  exercise  the  specific  work 
for  the  next  one  should  be  announced,  so  that  leaders  may  have 
time  to  prepare  themselves. 

The  drill  or  exercise  should  be  made  interesting,  not  only  by 
variety,  which  is  necessary  in  order  not  to  exhaust  the  soldier's 
attention  by  straining  it  too  long  on  one  subject,  but  also  by 
comments  on  the  part  of  leaders,  continued  throughout  the  drill 
and  directed  toward  those  elements  whose  performance  is  un- 
usually good  or  bad. 

(/)  Time  is  important,  but  proficiency  is  the  most  important 
factor  in  infantry  training. 

(m)  Lectures  are  valuable  aids  in  military  training.  Those 
to  enlisted  men  should  be  about  one-half  hour  long;  to  officers 
they  may  be  longer.  The  number  of  lectures  on  any  particular 
subject  will  depend  upon  its  nature.  They  should  be  delivered 
by  those  specially  qualified  on  the  particular  subjects.  The 
lecture  meetings  should  be  as  informal  as  is  consistent  with 
discipline ;  questions  and  discussions  should  be  arranged.  The 
appropriate  use  of  maps,  diagrams,  and  illustrations,  including 
moving  pictures,  is  advantageous. 

A  list  of  general  subjects  for  lectures  is  given  hereafter. 

11.  Duties  of  regimental,  battalion,  and  company  command- 
ers.— The  division  commander  will  prepare  and  issue  programs 
of  training,  and  will  cause  detailed  schedules  covering  pre- 
scribed periods  of  time  to  be  prepared  by  proper  commanders. 

The  duty  of  seeing  that  the  prescribed  instruction  is  carried 
on  lies  with  the  regimental  commander  and  his  field  officers, 
and  witli  this  end  in  view  they  should  personally  observe  the 
instruction  which  is  being  given  to  the  companies.  They  should, 
however,  carefully  refrain  from  interfering  with  any  legitimate 
ni(>Tho(l  which  is  producing  results,  remembering  that  no  two 
men  will  proceed  along  exactly  the  same  lines.  By  interference 
superiors  not  only  destroy  initiative,  but  also  weaken  the 
authority  of  the  subordinate  commander  over  his  men.  Inter- 
ference is  justified  only  when  such  a  commander  fails  to  follow 
the  course  of  instruction  prescribed,  displays  ignorance,  or  shows 
such  a  luck  of  judgment  in  his  methods  as  to  render  it  certain 
that  the  results  desired  will  not  be  accomplished.  This  does 
not  mean  that  a  suggestion  from  a  superior  officer  should  not 
be  made  or  followed,  but  such  suggestion  should  be  carefully 


12  INFANTRY  TRAINING. 

considered  and  only  made  when  it  is  certain  better  results  will 
follow  its  adoption. 

12.  Having  received  a  schedule  of  instruction,  the  company 
commander  should  lay  his  plans  covering  all  details  of  the  sub- 
ject not  prescribed  by  higher  authority.    Recruits  and  other  ill- 
instructed  men  should  be  grouped  together  and  assigned  for 
instruction  to  a  specially  qualified  officer  or  noncommissioned 
officer.     With  this  exception,  each  unit  leader  should,  if  possi- 
ble, be  the  instructor  of  his  own  unit.     Each  drill  should  be 
governed  by  a  schedule  showing  the  subjects  assigned  to  each 
group  and  the  corresponding  allowance  of  time. 

The  captain  should  supervise  the  instruction  of  the  various 
groups,  making  corrections  and  suggestions  only  when  he  sees 
the  satisfactory  results  are  not  forthcoming,  and  then  not  in 
the  hearing  of  the  men. 

13.  Normally  four  hours  will  be  devoted  to  military  training 
and  instruction  at  each  morning  and  afternoon  assembly.    The 
afternoon  periods  on  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays  may  be  devoted 
to  giving  additional  training  to  backward  men,  and  those  who 
have  made  adequate  progress  in  their  training  may  be  excused 
from  routine  work  during  such  periods  or,  in  case  of  need,  re- 
quired to  care  for  Government  property  or  assist  in  the  instruc- 
tion and   training  of  others.     Care  will  be  taken  during  all 
periods  to  vary  the  training  and  not  to  devote  too  much  time 
to  any  one  subject. 

14.  It  is  desirable  that  provision  be  made  for  a  sand  table,  a 
map  for  map  problems,  and  some  device  to  serve  as  a  target  in 
instruction  in  fire  direction.     A  rough  sketch  on  paper  or  on  a 
blackboard  on  a  scale  of  about  12  inches  to  the  mile  will  serve 
for  map  problems,  but  a  relief  map  is  the  best  device  for  prac- 
tical instruction.     A  board  arranged  so  that  it  can  be  raised 
or  lowered  and  having  painted  on  it  a  line  of  prone  silhouettes 
makes  a  good  target.     Every  headquarters,  machine-gun,  and 
Supply  company  should  have  one  or  more  wooden  horses  so  con- 
structed as  to  permit  of  saddling,  bridling,  and  harnessing. 

15.  Basis  of  Infantry  training. — The  training  of  Infantry  is 
based  on  the  subjects  covered  in  Infantry   Drill  Regulations 
(I.  D.  R.),  Field  Service  Regulations    (F.  S.  R.),  Manual  for 
Noncommissioned  Officers  and  Privates   (M.  N.  C.  O.),  Small- 
Arms  Firing  Manual  (S.  A.  F.  M.),  and  Manual  Physical  Train- 
ing (M.  P.  T.),  and  upon  the  experience  of  other  nations  in  the 
present  war.     Training  in  special  subjects,  such  as  the  use  of 


INFANTRY  TRAINING.  13 

gases  in  war,  grenades,  bayonet  fighting,  etc.,  are  being  covered 
in  pamphlets  issued  from  time  to  time  by  the  War  Department, 
in  accordance  with  developments  in  the  art  of  war. 

III.  TRAINING  PLAN. 

ALL   COMPANIES. 

1.  Recruit  instruction: 

(a)  Articles   of  War. 

(It)  Military   discipline   and  courtesy. 

(c)  Arms,  uniforms,  and  equipment. 

(d)  Personal  hygiene  and  care  of  feet. 

(e)  School  of  the  soldier. 
(/)  School  of  the  squad. 

(g)   Setting-up  exercises,  recruit  instruction. 
(h)  Orders  for  sentinels. 

RIFLE   COMPANY. 

2.  Squad  instruction: 

(a)  Test  of  recruits  by  squad  leader  in  subjects  (1)  (b) 
to  (h),  inclusive. 

(6)  Setting-up  exercises,  "Trained  soldiers"  instruc- 
tion. 

(c)  School  of  the  squad. 

(d)  Tent  pitching. 

(e)  Bayonet  exercises  and  bayonet  combat. 
(/)  Whistle   and   arm  signals., 

(g)  Color  sentinels,  countersigns  and  paroles,  compli- 
ment from  guards,  guarding  prisoners  and  flags. 

(h)   Sighting  drills. 

(0   Position  and   aiming  drills. 

(j)   Making  triangles. 

(k)   Target  practice. 

(I)  Musketry  duties  of  the  squad  and  squad  leader, 
involving  target  designation,  distribution  of  fire 
on  target,  fire  discipline,  fire  direction,  and  fire 
control. 

(m)   First  aid  to  the  wounded. 

(n)  (1)  Methods  of  employing  gases  in  modern  war- 
fare; (i)  gas  clouds;  (ii)  gas  shells. 

(2)  Effect  of  gas. 

(3)  Use   of  gas   mask,    (i)    care   of  mask;    (ii) 

method  of  application;  (iii)  mask  drill. 


14  INFANTRY  TRAINING. 

3.  Platoon  instruction: 

(a)  Test  of  squads  by  platoon  leader  on  subjects  (2) 
(c),  (d),  (e),  (/),  (0,  (»0,  and  (»)  ;  (3) 
(paragraph  above). 

(&)  Drill,  close  order. 

(c)  Drill,  in  trench  and  open  warfare. 

(d)  Musketry  duties  of  platoon  and  platoon  leader, 

involving : 

Target  designation. 
Finding  range. 
Distribution  of  fire. 
Fire  discipline. 
Fire  direction. 
Fire  control. 
Communications. 

(e)  Rifle  trenches. 

(/)   Individual   cooking. 

(g)    (1)    Marching,    running,    bayonet    fighting,    rapid 

loading  and  aiming,  etc.,  while  wearing  gas 

masks. 

(2)  Prevention  of  damage  by  gas  to  rifles,   etc., 

sentry  duties  in  connection  with  gas. 

(3)  Use  of  sprayers  and  fans  for  clearing  out  gases. 

4.  Company  instruction: 

(a)  Test  of  squads  in  subjects  (2)  (c),  (d),  (e),  (/), 
(/),  (m),  and  (»)  ;  (3)  (paragraph  above). 

(•&)  Test  of  platoons  in  subjects  (3)  (b),  (c),  (d),  (e), 
(/),  and  (g)  ;  (3)  (paragraph  above). 

(c)  School  of  the  company,  close  order. 

(d)  Company  training  in  trench  warfare. 

(e)  Company  inspection. 

(/)  Commander,  sergeant,  and  corporal  of  the  guard. 

(g)  Guard  mounting'. 

(h)   Physical  training  and  swimming. 

(i)  Musketry  duties  of  the  company  involving: 

Target  designation. 

Finding  the  range. 

Distribution  of  fire. 

Fire  discipline. 

Fire  direction. 

Fire   control. 

Communication. 


INFANTRY  TRAINING.  15 

4.  Company  instruction — Continued. 

(;')   Field  service. 

(k)   Marching  and   camping. 

(I)  Range  practice,  known  distance,  small-arms  firing 

courses. 

At  least  one-fourth  of  the  enlisted  personnel,  less  the  cooks 
and  buglers,  will  be  trained  as  hostile  trench  patrols  (called 
"  moppers  up  "  by  the  British  and  "  trench  cleaners "  by  the 
French). 

At  least  4  noncommissioned  officers  and  36  privates  selected 
for  their  superior  intelligence,  education,  skill  in  musketry, 
and  steadiness  will  be  trained  as  sharpshooters  or  "  snipers." 
This  training  will  include  the  care  and  use  of  field  glasses, 
telescopic  sights,  devices  for  and  methods  of  escaping  hostile 
observation,  loophole  construction,  snap  shooting  at  rapidly  dis- 
appearing targets,  map  reading,  and  the  making  of  sketches  and 
of  clear  and  concise  reports.  This  training  will  be  given  after 
the  company  training  has  made  reasonable  progress. 

About  one-half  of  the  company  will  be  trained  in  the  duties  of 
scouts,  messengers,  and  liaison  patrols.  Instruction  in  these 
subjects  will  begin  in  the  platoon  and  continue  during  all  subse- 
quent training. 

Instruction  in  all  of  the  above  specialties  will  be  in  accordance 
with  information  on  these  subjects  issued  from  time  to  time  by 
the  War  Department,  and  the  changes  indicated  in  such  infor- 
mation with  regard  to  methods  and  practices  will  be  strictly 
observed.  Coordination  in  these  several  specialties  will  be 
effected  by  means  of  schools  in  each  division  or  separate  com- 
mand in  which  unit  instructors  will  receive  training  under  spe- 
cially trained  officers  and  others. 

5.  Tests  as  indicated  will  be  made  at  proper  times  in  the  prog- 
ress of  training  of  individuals,  squads,  platoons,  and  companies. 
A  careful  record  will  be  kept  in  each  company  of  work  actually 
peformed  from  day  to  day  in  the  progress  of  training. 

HEADQUARTERS   COMPANY. 

It  may  become  necessary,  in  order  to  enable  headquarters 
companies  to  perform  the  duties  which  devolve  upon  similar 
organizations  in  the  British  and  French  armies  in  trench-to- 
trench  fighting,  to  materially  increase  the  personnel  of  head- 
quarters companies,  and  to  organize  platoons  trained,  respec- 
tively, as  (a)  signalmen,  (&)  sappers  and  bombers,  (c)  sappers 


16  INFANTRY  TRAINING. 

and  pioneers,  and  (d)  in  the  service  and  operation  of  1-pounder 
rifle  cannon. 

Pending  further  instructions  a  headquarters  company  will  be 
instructed  in  the  following  subjects: 

(a)  Members  of  the  band  in  litter  drill,  music,  school  of  the 
soldier,  marching,   first  aid   to  the  wounded    (theoretical  and 
practical),  the  nomenclature,  care,  and  preservation  of  band  in- 
struments. 

(b)  Mounted  orderlies  (theoretical  and  practical)   in  riding, 
bridling,  saddling,  and  care  of  horses ;  signaling,  carrying  verbal 
messages. 

(c)  Sergeants  major  and  color  sergeants  in  their  duties  at 
ceremonies  and  drills  as  prescribed  in  the  Infantry  Drill  Regu- 
lations ;  in  the  preparation  of  returns  and  reports,  correspond- 
ence and  the  use  of  morning  reports,  sick  reports,  duty  rosters, 
ration  returns,  individual  records  of  enlisted  men,  small-arms 
reports ;  in  studies  of  Army  Regulations,  Field  Service  Regula- 
tions, and  other  books  and  papers  pertaining  strictly  to  their 
duties  as  clerks  at  regimental  or  separate  battalion  headquar- 
ters.    They  will  also  be  instructed  in  semaphore  signaling. 

(d)  First  sergeant  in  the  preparation  of  correspondence,  re- 
turns, muster  and  pay  rolls,  and  in  the  use  of  morning  reports, 
sick  reports,   duty   rosters,   ration   returns,   individual  records 
of  enlisted   men,   small-arms   reports,   and   in   their   duties   at 
ceremonies  and  drills  as  prescribed  in  the  Infantry  Drill  Regu- 
lations.   They  will  also  be  instructed  in  semaphore  signaling. 

(e)  Mess  sergeants  and  cooks  in  the  study  of  Army  Cooks' 
Manual,  Army  Bakers'  Manual,  the  components  of  the  ration, 
the  nomenclature,  care,  and  preservation  of  field  ranges,  march 
kit,  and  cooking  utensils ;  sanitation  of  kitchen  and  mess  hall, 
including  the  disposal  of  garbage. 

(/)  Supply  sergeants  in  the  study  of  the  Infantry  Equipment, 
the  issue,  care,  and  preservation  of  leather,  equipment,  cloth- 
ing and  arms;  the  handling  and  accounting  (practical  and 
theoretical)  of  all  property. 

(g)  Stable  sergeants  in  the  study  of  Manual  for  Farriers, 
Horseshoers,  Saddlers,  and  Wagoners  or  Teamsters ;  the  care 
and  treatment  of  animals  and  the  care  and  preservation  of 
harness,  saddles,  and  bridles. 

(h)  Sergeant  bugler  as.  prescribed  for  buglers  in  a  rifle 
company. 

(i)  The  horseshoer  in  the  study  of  the  manual  named  in 
paragraph  (g)  above. 


INFANTRY  TRAINING.  -17 

(;)  All  members  in  making  the  pack,  antigas  measures,  camp 
sanitation,  personal  hygiene,  and  the  use  of  the  first-aid  packet ; 
the  nomenclature,  care,  and  preservation  of  the  rifle  or  pistol, 
depending  upon  the  weapon  with  which  they  are  armed. 

(k)  All  members  armed  with  the  rifle  in  sighting,  position, 
and  aiming  drills,  and  target  practice. 

(I)  All  noncommissioned  officers  will  be  instructed  in  sig- 
naling. 

(m)  Sappers'  and  bombers'  detachment  will  be  instructed  in 
its  specialty. 

(ft)  Sappers'  and  pioneers'  detachment  will  be  instructed  in 
its  specialty. 

(o)  One-pounder  gun  detachment  will  be  instructed  in  its 
specialty. 

SUPPLY   COMPANY. 

A  supply  company  will  be  instructed  in  the  following  sub- 
jects : 

(a)  Regimental  supply  sergeants  in  the  preparation  of 
property  returns,  correspondence,  rations  returns ;  in  studies 
of  Army  Regulations,  Field  Service  Regulations,  Infantry 
equipment,  price  list  of  clothing  and  equipment  (annual  general 
order  of  War  Department),  Quartermaster  Manual,  and  other 
books  and  papers,  also  blank  forms  pertaining  strictly  to  their 
duties  as  supply  sergeants. 

(It)  First  sergeants,  mess  sergeants,  stable  sergeants,  cooks, 
saddlers,  as  prescribed  respectively  for  the  same  positions  for  a 
headquarters  company. 

(c)  Corporals  as  prescribed  for  stable  sergeants. 

(d)  Saddlers  as  prescribed  for  horseshoers  in  a  headquar- 
ters company. 

(e)  Wagoners  in  the  study  of  Manual  for  Farriers,  Horse- 
shoers,  Saddlers,   anil   Wagoners  or  Teamsters ;   the  care  and 
treatment  of  animals  and  the  nomenclature,  care,  and  preserva- 
tion of  harness  and  wagons. 

(/)  All  noncommissioned  officers  will  be  instructed  in  sig- 
naling. 

(g)  All  members  in  making  pack,  in  antigas  measures,  camp 
sanitation,  personal  hygiene,  and  the  use  of  the  first-aid  packet; 
the  nomenclature,  care,  and  preservation  of  the  rifle  or  pistol, 
depending  upon  the  weapon  with  which  they  are  armed. 

(h)  All  members  armed  with  the  rifle  in  sighting,  position, 
and  aiming  drills  and  target  practice. 


18  INFANTRY  TRAINING. 

MACHINE-GUN  COMPANY. 

A  machine-gun  company  will  be  instructed  in  the  courses  and 
subjects  set  forth  in  the  Machine  Gun  Firing  Manual. 

IV.  GENERAL  SUBJECTS  FOR  LECTURES. 

(Suitable  for  all  arms.) 

1.  Discipline. 

2.  Conduct  in  service. 

3.  Morale. 

4.  Leadership. 

5.  Customs  and  courtesies  of  the  service ;  Saluting. 

6.  Physical  training. 

7.  Obligations  and  rights  of  the  soldier. 

8.  Duties  and  responsibilities  of  N.  C.  O. 

9.  The  commissioned  officer. 

10.  Personal  hygiene. 

11.  Venereal  diseases. 

12.  Alcoholism ;  Drugs. 

13.  Personal  cleanliness. 

14.  Insects  and  vermin. 

15.  Vaccination  and  prophylaxis ;  Communicable  diseases. 

16.  Care  of  the  feet. 

17.  First  aid  and  elementary  bandaging. 

18.  Sanitation  and  its  maintenance. 

19.  Articles  of  War. 

20.  Army  Regulations  and  orders. 

21.  Purposes  and  methods  of  drill. 

22.  Why  we  are  at  war. 

23.  History ;  European  war ;  United  States  wars. 

24.  Pay  and  allowances. 

25.  Care  and  adjustment  of  clothing  and  equipment. 

26.  Military  offenses  and  punishments. 

27.  Property  responsibility. 

28.  Interior  guard  duty. 

29.  Security  in  the  field. 

30.  Rations. 

31.  Reconnaissance. 

32.  Use  of  cover. 

33.  Study  of  terrain  on  the  ground. 

34.  Maps  and  map  reading. 

35.  Messages  and  reports. 

36.  Lines  of  information. 


INFANTRY  TRAINING.  19 

37.  Orders. 

38.  Horses  and  stable  management. 

39.  Organization,  arms,  and  characteristics  of — 

(a)   United  States  troops. 
(&)  Allies. 

(c)  Enemy. 

(d)  Others. 

40.  Entrenchments. 

41.  Tactical  use  of  machine  guns. 

42.  Gas  warfare. 

43.  Grenade  and  bomb  warfare. 

44.  Powers  and  limitations  of  various  arms. 

45.  Transportation  of  troops  by  rail,  trucks,  ships. 

46.  Attack  and  defense  of  positions. 

47.  Rules  of  land  warfare. 

48.  Trench  orders. 

V.  WEEKLY  TRAINING  PROGRAMS. 

1.  The  following  weekly  programs  are  published  as  guides  in 
order  to  secure  uniformity  of  instruction  and  progress  through- 
out the  several  divisions  and  to  be  an  aid  to  division  com- 
manders in  preparing  similar  programs.     They  are  in  no  sense 
mandatory,  as  it  is  realized  that  conditions  will  differ  in  each 
division.     Results,  however,  are  required  and  departures  from 
these  programs  should  be  in  the  direction  of  improvement. 

2.  The  programs  cover  a  period  of  16  weeks  of  intensive 
training  and  are  restricted    (except  for  short  periods  of  bat- 
talion training  in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  weeks)    to  indi- 
vidual,   squad,    platoon,    and    company    training.     Progressive 
training,  with  troops,  of  the  higher  units  will  be  taken  up  at  the 
conclusion  of  the  16  weeks'  course. 

3.  The  time  devoted  to  training  each  week  is  40  hours,  leaving 
Wednesday  and   Saturday  afternoons  free  for  recreation  and 
for  additional  drill  for  backward  men. 

4.  Tests    are   required    as    indicated.     These    tests    may    be 
held  from  time  to  time  as  the  proficiency  of  the  individual  or 
unit  is  .demonstrated,  but  all  should  be  completed  at  time  pro- 
vided in  programs.     Additional  training  will  be  given  to  indi- 
viduals   and    units   found    not   proficient    on    Wednesday    and 
Saturday  afternoons  followed  by  further  tests. 

5.  Target  practice  is  continued  to  include  the  sixteenth  week. 
Great  care  should  be  exercised  in  the  preparation  of  company 


20 


INFANTRY  TRAINING. 


schedules  to  cover   the   training  of  platoons   and   groups   not 
firing  during  the  time  allotted  to  target  practice. 

6.  Night  work  is  of  the  utmost  importance,  and  should  in- 
clude all  phases  of  training,  scouting,  patrolling,  marches,  se- 
curity, occupation  of  trenches,  night  relief  of  troops  in  trenches. 
trench    raids,    construction    of    trenches    and    obstacles,    com- 
bat, etc. 

7.  The  specialities   are  given   only   the  time  which   is   con- 
sidered absolutely  necessary  to  secure  proficiency.     They  should 
be  vigorously  taught. 

8.  Ceremonies  will  be  included  in  the  time  allotted  for  in- 
spections. 

9.  Refresher  courses  should  be  conducted  every  evening  in 
each   company   for   the   officers   and   noncommissioned   officers. 
These  courses  should  include  a  review  of  the  day's  work  and 
a  careful  preparation  for  the  work  of  the  next  day. 

10.  Due  to  time  which  may  be  consumed  in  physical  exami- 
nations, vaccination,  typhoid  prophylaxis,  possible  quarantine, 
etc.,  it  may  be  necessary  to  continue  the  training  set  forth  for 
the  first  week  over  a  period  of  two  or  even  three  weeks. 

RIFLE   COMPANY. 

WEEKLY  PROGRAMS. 
First  week. 


Hours. 

Articles  of  War 1 

Military    discipline   and   cour- 
tesy     2 

Uniforms  and  equipment 4 

Personal  hygiene  and   care  of 

feet 2 

School  of  the  soldier 6 

School  of  the  squad 10 


Hours. 
Setting-up    exercises  ;    Recruit 


instruction  _______________ 

Orders  for  sentinels  _________ 

Issue  of  clothing  and  equip- 

ment ____________________ 

Obligations  and  rights  of  the 

soldier  ;  Lecture  __________ 

Inspection  ----------------- 


Second  week. 


Hours. 
Setting-up    exercises ;    Recruit 

instruction 4J 

Running 1J 

School  of  the  soldier 4 

School  of  the  squad 14 

Issue  of  arms 1 

Nomenclature  and  care  of  rifle-  2 
Color    sentinels,    countersigns 
and     paroles,      compliments 
from  guards,  guarding  pris- 
oners and  flags 1 


Hours. 

Bayonet  exercise  and  bayonet 
combat 3 

Sighting,  position,  and  aiming 
drills,  and  deflection  and 
elevation  correction  drills 4 

Making  pack  and  tent  pitch- 
ing   2 

Why  we  are  at  war ;  Lecture-       1 

Inspection   (as  directed) 2 


INFANTRY  TRAINING. 


21 


Third  week. 


Hours. 
Sett;ing-up.exercises ;  "Trained 

soldiers'  "   instruction 4i 

Running 1J 

Bayonet   training 4 

School  of  the  squad 12 

Whistle  and  arm  signals 1 

First  aid  to  the  wounded 1 

Fourth 
Hours. 

Setting-up   exercises 4J 

Running  and  jumping 1J 

School  of  the  squad 12 

Bayonet   combat 6 

Sighting,  position,  aiming,  trig- 
ger-squeeze exercises,  and 
gallery  practice 12 

Fifth 
Hours. 

Physical  training 4 

Bayonet  training 4 

School  of  the  squad,  including 
duties  of  squad  and  squad 
leader,  involving  target  des- 
ignation, distribution  of  fire 
on  target,  fire  discipline,  fire 
direction,  and  fire  control, 

I.  D.  R 4 

Bombing 2 

Platoon  instruction : 

Drill,  close  order 3 

Drill  in  trench  and  open 

warfare 3 

Target  practice 16 

Firing  will  be  done  suc- 
cessively by  platoons ; 
the  platoons  not  firing 
will  devote  time  in  in- 
struction in  the  follow- 
ing subjects  : 

Sixth 
Hours. 

Physical   training 4 

Bayonet  training , —       3 

School  of  the  squad 3 

Platooi    instruction    in    close 

order  and  trench  warfare —       3 
Target  practice  (same  as  fifth 
week) 16 


Hours. 

Sighting,  aiming,  position,  trig- 
ger-squeeze exercises,  and  de- 
flection and  elevation  correc- 
tion drills 12 

Test  of  recruits  by  squad  lead- 
ers in  subjects  1  (6)  to  (h), 
inclusive 2 

Inspection    (as  directed) ^_       2 

week. 

Hours. 

Methods  of  employing  gases  in 
modern  warfare — (1)  gas 
clouds,  (2)  gas  shells;  Ef- 
fect of  gas  ;  Lecture 1 

Grenade  and  bomb  warfare ; 
Lecture 1 

Inspection ;  Field  kit ;  Tent 
pitching 2 

week. 

Hours. 

Target  practice — Continued. 
Estimating  distance. 
Fire-control      instru- 
ments : 

Field  glass. 
Range  finder. 
Mil  scale. 

Sketching     (position, 
road,       landscape) 
and  map  reading 
Signaling. 
Trench  warfare. 
Marching :  To  be  conducted  in 
connection    with    march    to 
and  from  target  range. 

Antigas  instruction 1 

Field  intrenchments  ;  Lecture-       1 
Inspection ;    Field    kit ;    Tent 
pitching 2 


week. 

Hours. 

Trench  construction 4 

Antigas  instruction 1 

Bombing    (hand   grenade) 3 

Military   offenses   and  punish- 
ments   _ 1 

Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 

Inspection   (as  directed) 2 


22 


INFANTRY  TRAINING. 


Seventh  week. 


Hours. 

Test  of  squads  by  platoon 
leader  on  subjects  2  (c), 
(d),  (e),  (f),  (1),  (m),  (n), 

and  3 3 

Physical    training 3 

Bombing 2 

Bayonet    training 3 

Platoon  instruction  in  close 
order  and  trench  warfare —  3 

Trench  construction 3 

Target  practice 16 

By  platoons,  those  not  fir- 
ing to  be  instructed  in — 
Target    designation. 
Finding  the  range. 
Distribution  of  fire. 
Fire  discipline. 
Fire  direction. 
Fire  control. 


Hours. 

Target  practice — Continued. 
By  platoons — Continued. 
Communications. 
Trench  warfare. 
Antigd.s  instruction.     This  in- 
struction should  now  include 
marching,  running,   bayonet 
fighting,    rapid   loading  and 
aiming,  etc.,  while  wearing 

gas  masks 1 

Prevention  of  damage  by  gas 
to  rifles,  etc.,  sentry  duties 
in  connection  with  gas  ;  Use 
of  sprayers  and  fans  for 
clearing  out  gases  ;  Lecture-  1 
Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 

Night    work 3 

Inspection   (as  directed) 2 


Eighth  week. 


Hours. 

Physical    training 4 

Bayonet    training 3 

Trench  and  obstacle  construc- 
tion   3 

Platoon    instruction 3 

Antigas    instruction : 1 

Night  work 3 

Target  practice 10 

By  platoons,  platoons  not 
firing  as  in  seventh 
week. 


Hours. 


Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 

Bombing 

Morale  ;  lecture 

History  ;  European  war 

Inspection   (as  directed) 


\inth  week. 


Hours. 

Tests  of  squads  in  subjects  2 
(c),  (d),  (c),  (f),  (I),  (m), 

(n),3 3 

School   of  the  company,   close 

order 3 

Physical  training ' 3 

Bayonet   training 3 

Trench  work 3 

Antigas  instruction 1 

Night  work 3 


Hours. 
Bombing      (hand      and      rifle 

grenades) 2 

Target  practice 16 

By  platoons,  platoons  not 
firing  as  in  seventh 
week. 

Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 
History  ;   European    war  ;   Lec- 
ture        1 

Inspection   (as  directed) 2 


INFANTRY  TRAINING. 


23 


Tenth  week. 


Hours. 

Tests  of  platoons  in  subjects  3 
(»),   (c),   «0,   (e),   (f),   (<J) 

(p.   — ) 4 

Physical  training 2 

Bayonet   training 2 

Company    in    close    order    and 

trench  warfare 3 

Antigas  instruction 1 

Bombing    (hand  and  rifle) 2 


Hours. 

Night    work 3 

Intrenching 4 

Target  practice 10 

By  platoon,  platoons  not 

firing     as     in     seventh 

week. 
Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 

Trench    warfare  ;    Lecture 1 

Inspection   (as  directed) 2 


Eleventh  week. 


Hours. 
Selection  of  specialists  in  the 

following 4 

Bombers   (hand  grenade). 
Grenadiers  (rifle  grenade). 
Snipers. 
Sketehers. 

Liaison  details  (signalers, 
runners,  observers,  etc). 
Estimators. 
Automatic    rifle    or    light 

machine  gun. 
Physical  training 3 


Hours. 
2 
3 


Bayonet  training 

Intrenching 

Bombing 2 

Antigas  instruction 1 

Night  work 3 

Target  practice 16 

By  platoon,   platoons  not 

firing    as     in     seventh 

week. 

Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 
Inspection   (as  directed) 2 


Twelfth  week. 
Hours. 
3 


Physical    training 

Bayonet  training ^ 

Intrenching    4 

Bombing 3 

Antigas  instruction 1 

Night  work 3 

Company   in   trench  and  open 

warfare 4 

Target  practice 16 

Firing        by         specialist 
groups.        Each     group 

Thirteenth  week. 


Hours. 

not    firing    will    be    in- 
structed in  its  specialty 
and  in  trench  warfare. 
Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 
Use    of    light    machine   guns ; 

lecture 1 

Use   of    automatic    rifle ;    Lec- 
ture _.  1 


Inspection   (as  directed) 2 


Hours. 

Physical    training 2 

Bayonet  training 2 

Intrenching    4 


Bombing 

Antigas    instruction 

Company  drill,  close  order 

Musketry   duties  of  company- 
Target  designation. 
Finding  the  range. 
Distribution  of  fire. 
Fire  discipline. 


Hours. 

Musketry  duties  of  company — 
Continued. 

Fire  direction. 
Fire  control. 
Communication. 

Target  practice 16 

Fire  by  specialist  groups. 
Each  group  not  firing 
to  be  instructed  in  spe- 
cialty and  in  trench 
warfare. 


INFANTRY  TRAINING. 


Third  ruth   iceck — Continued. 


Hours. 

Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 
Army  Regulations  and  orders  ; 
Lecture 1 


History  ;  European  war_. 
Night    work 

Inspection    (as  directed). 


Hours. 
1 
3 
2 


Fourteenth  week. 


Physical    training 

Bayonet  training 

Intrenching 

Bombing •, 

Antigas    instruction 

Marching  by  company  ;  prob- 
lems in  security,  on  the 
march  and  at  a  halt ;  com- 
bat problem,  open  warfare. 


Hours. 
2 
3 
3 
2 


Hours. 

Night    work 3 

Target  practice 16 

Fire  by  specialist  groups. 
Each  group  not  firing 
to  be  instructed  in  spe- 
cialty and  in  trench 
warfare. 
Inspection  (as  directed) 2 


Fifteenth  week. 


by 


Company     test 

commander 

Physical    training 

Bayonet  training 

Antigas    instruction 

Battalion    close-order   drill 

Battalion  in  trench  warfare — 


Hours, 
battalion 

8 

2 

2 


Hours. 

Target  practice 16 

By  specialist  groups. 
Each  group  not  firing 
will  be  trained  in  its 
specialty  and  in  trench 
warfare. 

History  ;  European  war 1 

Inspection    (as  directed) ;       2 


Sixteenth   wcefc. 


Physical   training 

Bayonet    training 

Bombing 

Antigas    instruction 

Battalion    in    trench    warfare 
(including    3    hours'    night 


Hours. 
3 


work) 1:5     Inspection   (as  directed) 


Hours. 

Target  practice 16 

By  specialist  groups. 
Each  group  not  firing 
will  be  trained  in  its 
specialty  and  in  trench 
warfare. 


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Platoon,  close  order.  J.  Sketching  and  map  reading.  O.  Inspection. 

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INFANTRY  TRAINING. 
VI.  MACHINE-GUN  COMPANIES. 


There  are  only  a  few  particulars  in  which  the  details  of  train- 
ing of  the  machine-gun  company  differ  from  those  of  the  rifle 
company.  These  subjects  in  which  there  is  a  difference  in 
methods  are : 

I'se  of  weapons. 

Disciplinary  drill ;  gun  drill  in  addition  to  infantry  drill. 

Marches ;  care  of  animals  on  the  march. 

Field  fortification ;  gun  emplacements. 

Combat ;  cooperation  with  infantry. 

Transportation;  depending  upon  method  of  carrying  guns. 
In  the  remaining  subjects  the  training  of  the  machine-gun 
company  and  the  rifle  company  are  along  similar  lines. 

WEEKLY  PROGRAMS  FOR  MACHINE-GUN  COMPANIES. 


week. 


Hours. 

Articles   of  War 1 

Military    discipline    and    cour- 
tesy    2 

Uniforms  and  equipment 4 

Personal  hygiene  and  care  of 

feet 2 

School  of  the  soldier 6 

School  of  the  squad 12 


Hours. 
Recruit 

(i 


Setting-up   exercises ; 

instruction 

Orders  for  sentinels 

Issue    of    clothing   and    equip- 
ment  

Obligations  and  rights  of  the 
soldier ;   Lecture 


Second  week. 


Hours. 
Setting-up    exercises ;    Recruit 

instruction 4 

School  of  the  soldier 3 

School  of  the  squad 13 

Issue  of  arms 1 

Nomenclature  and  care  of  pis- 
tol   2 

Guard  duty  (interior) 1 


Hours. 

Marksmanship   (machine  gun)  3 

Marksmanship    (pistol) 1 

Making  pack  and   tent   pitch- 
ing   2 

Why  we  are  at  war ;  Lecture-  1 

Inspection    (as  directed) 2 

Transportation 7 


Third  week. 


Hours. 
Setting-up  exercises  ;  "Trained 

soldiers  "   instruction 4 

Marksmanship   (pistol) 2 

Marksmanship  (machine  gun) _  13 

School  of  the  squad 8 

Whistle  and  arm  signals 1 


Hours. 
First  aid 1 

Test     of     recruits     by     squad 

leader 2 

Inspection    (as  directed) 2 

Transportation 7 


INFANTRY  TRAINING. 


27 


Fourth  week. 


Hours. 

Setting-up  exercises 4 

School  of  the  squad 8 

Marksmanship   (pistol) 2 

Marksmanship  (machine  gun)_  12 

Transportation 3 

Use  of  gas  ;  lecture 1 


Grenade    and 
lecture 

Inspection ;      field 
pitching 

Transportation 


Hours, 
bomb    warfare  ; 


kit ;     tent 


Fifth  week. 


Hours. 

Physical  training 4 

Tiring   (machine  gun) 10 

Only  such  men  to  be  en- 
gaged in  firing  as  can  be 
kept  busy  with  the 
range  facilities  avail- 
able. This  normally 
might  be  a  platoon. 
The  platoons  not  firing 
.  would  take  up  instruc- 
tion in — 

Leadership  (fire  di- 
rection and  con- 
trol, direct  and  in- 
rect). 

Gunnery  (recognition 
and  designation  of 
targets,  gun  lay- 
ing, etc.). 

Liaison  (signalists, 
runners,  observers, 
etc.). 

T  ra  n  sportation  ; 
horse  exercise, 
grooming,  stable 
management,  driv- 
ing, care  of  har- 
ness, etc. 

Sketching  (road,  po- 
sition, and  pano- 
ramic). 


Hours. 

Firing  (machine  gun) — Contd. 
Use  of  instruments — 
Compass. 
Clinometer. 
Field  glass. 
Range  finder. 
Mil  scale. 
Technique  of  fire. 
Estimating    distance. 
Infantry     drill     and 
drill  of  gun  squad 
and  platoon. 
Pistol  practice. 
Scouting. 
Patroling. 
Outposts. 
Field  fortification. 
Camouflage. 

Transportation 7 

March  instruction  to  be  con- 
ducted fh  connection  with 
march  to  and  from  the  tar- 
get range. 

Antigas  instruction 1 

Field  intrenchment  and  camou- 


Inspection, 
pitching . 
Drill  _. 


field     kit ;     tent 


S-ixth  week. 


Hours. 

Physical   training 4 

Transportation 7 

Firing  (as  in  fifth  week) 16 

Antigas  instruction 1 

Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 
Military   offenses   and  punish- 
ments ;  lecture i 


Hours. 

Trench  construction  and  cam- 
ouflage          3 

Drill 0 

Inspection '2 


28 


INFANTRY   TRAINING. 


Hours. 
Test    of    squads    by    platoon 

leaders 3 

Physical   training 3 

Trench  construction  and  cam- 
ouflage    4 

Firing  (as  in  fifth  week) 16 

Marching   (as  in  fifth  week). 

Transportation 7 

Antigas  instruction 1 


Hours. 

Prevention  of  damage  by  gas 
to  guns,  etc. ;  use  of  spray- 
ors  and  fans  for  cleaning 
out  gas ;  sentry  duties  in 
connection  with  gas :  Loc- 

ture 1 

Night  work 3 

Inspection 2 


Eighth  week. 

Hours.  Hours. 

Physical    training 4  Transportation 7 

Trenches,  obstacles,  and  cam-  Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 

ouflage 3  Morale:     Lecture 1 

Firing  (as  in  fifth  week) 16  History;  European  war 1 

Antigas    instruction 1  Drill 2 

Night  work 3  Inspection 2 

yinth  week. 

Hours.  Hours. 

Test  of  squads 3  Firing  (as  in  fifth  week) 10 

Physical   training 3  Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 

Trenches,  obstacles,  and  cam-  Transportation 7 

ouflage 4  History  ;  European  war 1 

Antigas  instruction 1  Inspection 2 

Night  work 3 

Tenth  week, 

Hours.  Hours. 

Test  of  platoons 4  Marching    (as   in   fifth    week  i . 

Physical    training 2  Trench    warfare;    Lecture 1 

Antigas   instruction 1  Transportation 7 

Night  work 3  Company   drills 2 

Intronchment 2  Inspection 2 

Firing  (as  in  fifth  week) 16 

Eleventh   week. 

Hours.  Hours. 

Selection  of  specialists  as  fol-  Physical    training 3 

lows 4  Intrenchment 2 

Gunners  and  gun  cr>-\vs.  Antigas   instruction 1 

Sketchers  and  scouts.  Night  work 3 

Transportation    crews.  Firing    (as    in    fifth    week) 16 

Instrument     details,     ob-  Marching   (as  in  fifth  week). 

servers,      and      estima-  Transportation 7 

tors.  Company    drills 2 

Liaison  details.  Inspection 2 

Administrative    and    sup- 
ply  squads. 


INFANTRY  TRAINING. 


29 


Twelfth  week. 


Physical  training 

Intrencfitaent 

Firing  by  specialist  groups ; 
those  not  firing  to  be  in- 
structed in  their  specialties 
and  also  in  subjects  as  enu- 
merated under  fifth  week. 

Transportation 

Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 


Hours. 
3 
3 


Antigas  instruction 

Night  work ; 

Use    of    light    machine    gun ; 

Lecture 

Use    of    automatic   rifle ;    Lec- 
ture  

Company  drills _ 

Inspection 


Hours. 
1 


Thirteenth  week. 


Physical  training 

Intrenchment 

Antigas  instruction 

Firing   (as  in  twelfth  week)- 
Marching    (as   in    fifth   week). 

Transportation 

Army  Regulations  and  orders  ; 
Lecture—. 


Hours. 
2 
4 


1 

16 


Hours. 

History,   European   war  ;   Lec- 
ture  

Night   work 

Company  drills 

Inspection 


Fourteenth  week. 
Hours. 


Physical   training 2 

Intrenchment 2 

Antigas  instruction 1 

Firing   (as  in  twelfth  wook)_  16 
Marching    (as   in   fifth   week). 


Hours. 

2 


Night  work 

Transportation 7 

Company-combat  problem 8 

Inspection • 2 


Fifteenth  week. 


Hours, 
battalion 


Company     test 

commander 

Antigas  instruction 

Firing  (as  in  twelfth  week)_ 
Marching  (as  in  fifth  week). 
Drill  with  Infantry  battalion. 


1 

16 


With     Infantry    battalion 
trench    warfare 

Transportation 

History,   European   war ;   Lec- 
ture  

Inspection 


Hours, 
in 


Sixteenth  week. 


<  ':.tirs. 

Physical   training 1 

Antigas  instruction 1 

Firing   (as  in  twelfth  week).     16 
Marching    (as   in  fifth  week). 
Transportation 7 


Hours. 

With  Infantry  battalion  in 
trench  warfare  (including 
3  hours'  night  work) 13 

Inspection 2 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


A     000550157     2 


